Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2002) - Macau (2003)

Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2002) z Macau (2003)

	British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)	Macau (2003)

Administrative divisions	-	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 20.9% (male 51,078; female 47,118) 15-64 years: 71.8% (male 159,500; female 178,043) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,930; female 20,234) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	vegetables, livestock
Airports	1 (2001)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order which had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	-	12.07 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $1.41 billion expenditures: $1.19 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002)
Climate	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	698 km	41 km
Constitution	-	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	-	pataca (MOP)
Death rate	-	3.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	-	$255 million (2000 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.	Macau's economy four years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 39% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew an estimated 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 63% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly may contribute to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion - roughly 33% of GDP - in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Growth fell to 4% in 2003, according to early government forecasts, with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	1.688 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	-	1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	193 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military	1.611 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates	-	patacas per US dollar - 8.03 (2002), 8.03 (2001), 8.03 (2000), 7.99 (1999), 7.98 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts
Exports - partners	-	US 48.6%, China 15.5%, Germany 7.4%, Hong Kong 5.8%, UK 5.4% (2002)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $8.6 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 1% industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $18,500 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	9.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 00 S, 71 30 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	total: NA km paved: short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km	total: 271 km paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods
Imports - partners	-	China 41.7%, Hong Kong 14.5%, Japan 6.7%, Taiwan 6.6%, South Korea 5%, France 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002)
Independence	-	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	-2.6% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	-	ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	-	214,000 (2002)
Labor force - by occupation	-	restaurants and hotels 12%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 68% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 81.87 years male: 79.05 years female: 84.82 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location	Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Political Map of the World	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	not specified
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016	-
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 130,228 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 71,826 (2003 est.)
National holiday	-	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	-	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	NA	typhoons
Natural resources	coconuts, fish, sugarcane	NEGL
Net migration rate	-	8.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles around the time of the construction of UK-US military facilities; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2002 est.)	469,903 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	1.72% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Diego Garcia	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	NA	-
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	-	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	-	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	176,902 (November 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	158,251 (November 2001)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	1 (2003)
Terrain	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)	generally flat
Total fertility rate	-	1.32 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	6.3% (2002)
Waterways	none	none

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